What compound interest is
With compound interest the interest is added to the balance and starts earning in its own right in the next period. That is why £10,000 at 5% a year becomes £16,288.95 after ten years rather than the £15,000 simple interest would give.
Why the compounding frequency matters
The more often interest is added, the larger the final balance at the same nominal rate. Monthly compounding beats annual compounding, and the calculator lets you set the number of compounds per year to compare the two.
Simple versus compound
Simple interest is charged on the original amount only, so growth is linear. Compound interest grows exponentially, and the gap between the two widens with every additional year.