Dyscalculia is a learning disorder that specifically affects a person’s ability to understand and use numbers and mathematical concepts. This condition can create significant difficulties for a child, impacting their academic progress and well-being. Diagnosing and treating dyscalculia can be challenging, as this disorder often goes unrecognized or is mistaken for other learning problems
In this article, the educational platform Mathema will explore how dyscalculia manifests, the methods for diagnosing and treating it, and how parents and caregivers can support a child suffering from this disorder. With understanding and support from adults, children with dyscalculia can achieve success and confidence in their mathematical abilities.
What is Dyscalculia?
Dyscalculia is a disorder that causes difficulties in learning math and understanding mathematical concepts. Some people refer to it as “math dyslexia,” but they are different conditions requiring different approaches. People with dyscalculia may read well but still struggle with counting and understanding math. It is estimated that between 3% and 7% of people worldwide suffer from dyscalculia.
Dyscalculia can also cause difficulties in understanding the concepts of “more” and “less.” Unfortunately, this disorder is not well studied, so there is little verified data on its impact on learning.
It is known for sure that dyscalculia is not an intelligence-related problem. Students may understand and excel in other subjects but continue to count on their fingers. Without understanding from parents and teachers, a child may feel frustrated and isolated from peers. Without adult support, such students may lose self-confidence, and their academic performance may decline.
Remember, if a child has difficulty with math, it is not advisable to “diagnose” them with dyscalculia and give up on math. It is a complex discipline that is challenging even for very capable children.
Mathema tutors help resolve issues with understanding math in children of various ages. It is often not a serious disorder, but rather problems arising from unclear explanations by the school teacher or the child’s nature. Our educators also provide individual online sessions for children with dyslexia and dyscalculia.
How to Identify Dyscalculia in a Child?
Here are some of the most common signs and symptoms of dyscalculia in children, explained in detail:
Difficulty Recognizing Numbers Children may confuse numbers that look similar, such as “6” and “9”. They may have trouble remembering numbers and their sequences. Problems with understanding the concept of quantity and the order of numbers can also arise.
Problems with Basic Mathematical Operations A child may struggle with adding small numbers, like 2 + 3, without using their fingers or other visual aids. Subtraction can be challenging, and the child may frequently make mistakes even in simple tasks like 5 – 2. Multiplication and division can seem particularly difficult, and the child might not learn the multiplication table.
Difficulty Perceiving Time and Space A child may have trouble understanding concepts like “earlier” and “later” or may not be able to estimate how long a certain activity will take. There can also be difficulties in understanding and using measurements of space, such as length, width, and height.
Memory Problems A child may struggle to remember mathematical rules, formulas, and sequences of steps in problem-solving. There are often issues with retaining intermediate results during calculations.
Difficulty Understanding Word Problems A child may have problems determining which mathematical operations are needed to solve a problem. It can be challenging to translate verbal descriptions into mathematical symbols and equations.
Low Self-Esteem and Anxiety Due to persistent difficulties with math, a child may feel less capable compared to their peers, negatively impacting their self-esteem. Anxiety may manifest as nervousness during math lessons or refusal to do math assignments.
What Causes Dyscalculia?
Uncertain Causes in Children In most cases, especially in children, the causes of dyscalculia remain uncertain. Experts continue to explore possible factors that may contribute to the development of this disorder, but specific causes often remain unknown. There is evidence that learning disorders, including dyscalculia, may run in families, suggesting a potential genetic predisposition. However, further research is needed to confirm this hypothesis.
Comorbid Conditions Dyscalculia often occurs alongside other disorders, which can provide clues for healthcare professionals in recognizing and diagnosing this condition. Conditions commonly associated with dyscalculia include:
- Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD): This disorder can affect a child’s ability to focus on math tasks and understand mathematical concepts.
- Dyslexia, Dysgraphia, or Nonverbal Learning Disabilities: These disorders can complicate the perception and processing of information, including math tasks.
- Sensory Integration Disorder: Problems with processing sensory information can make understanding mathematical problems and concepts more difficult.
- Autism Spectrum Disorder: Children with autism may have difficulties with social interaction and communication, which can also affect learning math.
Mental Health Disorders People with dyscalculia also have a higher risk of developing mental health disorders. This may be related to the frustration and stress resulting from learning difficulties and social interactions. Mental health disorders can include anxiety, depression, and low self-esteem.
Acquired Dyscalculia There are some causes for which a person may develop dyscalculia later in life, known as acquired dyscalculia. This can result from brain injury, stroke, or other neurological disorders. It is important to note that acquired dyscalculia is not a learning disorder but can affect a person’s ability to perform mathematical tasks.
How is Dyscalculia Diagnosed?
Role of Parents and Pediatricians Parents who notice signs of dyscalculia in their child can consult a pediatrician to learn more about the diagnosis and treatment process for dyscalculia. The pediatrician may recommend seeing specialists such as neuropsychologists or educational psychologists who have experience in diagnosing and treating learning disorders.
Diagnostic Criteria According to DSM-5 The criteria defined in the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM-5) are used for diagnosing dyscalculia. According to the DSM-5, there are two main criteria for math-related symptoms of a specific learning disorder:
- Difficulty mastering number sense, number facts, or calculation.
- Difficulty with mathematical reasoning.
To diagnose the disorder, at least one of these criteria must be present for at least six months despite the provision of qualified help to overcome these difficulties.
Lack of Laboratory Tests Unlike some other medical conditions, there are no laboratory, imaging, or diagnostic tests for diagnosing dyscalculia. Diagnosis focuses on assessing a child’s specific math skills and ruling out other possible causes of math difficulties. This may include checking for health issues such as vision or hearing problems and other conditions related to brain or mental health that may affect the learning process.
How is Dyscalculia Treated?
Dyscalculia can be treated in children because their brains are still developing. This means that children can develop skills that help them adapt to this disorder. Treatment typically involves individualized learning programs tailored to each child’s needs.
It is important to start treatment as early as possible. The earlier a child begins receiving help, the better they can adapt to dyscalculia and limit its impact on their life.
Treatment methods may vary depending on many factors, including the underlying cause of dyscalculia. A doctor or education specialist can provide more information about available treatment options and recommend what is best suited for a specific child.
How to Help a Child with Dyscalculia?
If your child has dyscalculia, there are several ways you can help them:
- Seek Professional Help: Consult education and medical specialists who can provide advice and recommend additional resources to help your child. Their expertise can be very helpful in finding the best strategies and approaches for learning.
- Find Effective Learning Strategies: There are many methods that can help a child with dyscalculia. These may include educational games, music, or visual aids. Try different approaches to find what works best for your child and actively use these methods in their learning.
- Support and Encourage: Children with dyscalculia may feel frustrated by their math difficulties. Remember that it is not their fault, and they can learn to overcome these challenges. Your support can significantly impact their attitude and motivation toward learning.
- Protect Your Child from Negative Influences: Without proper support, children with dyscalculia may face issues with low self-esteem and anxiety or depression. Encouragement and positive support from you can help them succeed and learn to cope with their condition so that it does not limit them in the future.
